01. Kumenyera inzira yo gutwara
"Ni ngombwa kumva inzira yo gutwara inyanja."Kurugero, ku byambu by’i Burayi, nubwo amasosiyete menshi yohereza ibicuruzwa afite itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyambu by’ibanze n’ibyambu bitari shingiro, itandukaniro ry’amafaranga atwara ibicuruzwa byibuze riri hagati y’amadolari 100-200 US.Ariko, kugabana ibigo bitandukanye byohereza ibicuruzwa bizaba bitandukanye.Kumenya kugabana ibigo bitandukanye birashobora kubona igipimo cyubwikorezi bwicyambu cyibanze uhitamo isosiyete itwara abantu.
Urundi rugero, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutwara ibyambu ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Amerika: inzira yuzuye y’amazi n’ikiraro cy’ubutaka, kandi itandukaniro ry’ibiciro hagati yibi ni amadorari magana.Niba utujuje gahunda yo kohereza, urashobora gusaba isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa uburyo bwuzuye bwamazi.
02. Tegura neza ubwikorezi bwambere urugendo
Hariho ibiciro bitandukanye kubafite imizigo kumugabane wigihugu kugirango bahitemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu imbere."Muri rusange, igiciro cyo gutwara gari ya moshi nicyo gihenze cyane, ariko uburyo bwo gutanga no gutwara buragoye, kandi burakwiriye gutumizwa hamwe ninshi kandi nigihe gito cyo gutanga. Gutwara amakamyo nibyo byoroshye, igihe kirihuta, kandi igiciro gihenze gato kuruta gutwara gari ya moshi. ".
Muburyo bwa FOB, burimo kandi gahunda yo gutwara amaguru yambere mbere yo koherezwa.Abantu benshi bagize uburambe budashimishije: ukurikije FOB, amafaranga yo kohereza mbere yoherezwa mu rujijo kandi nta mategeko afite.Kubera ko ari isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa yagenwe nuwaguze urugendo rwa kabiri, uwatumije nta mahitamo afite.
Ibigo bitandukanye byohereza ibicuruzwa bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye kuriyi.Bamwe basaba nyirubwite kwishyura ibyakoreshejwe byose mbere yo koherezwa: amafaranga yo gupakira, amafaranga ya dock, amafaranga yimodoka;bamwe bakeneye gusa kwishyura amafaranga yimodoka kuva mububiko kugeza kuri dock;bimwe bisaba amafaranga yinyongera kumafaranga yimodoka ukurikije aho ububiko bubera..Aya mafaranga akenshi arenga ingengo yimari yikiguzi iyo asubiramo icyo gihe.
Igisubizo nukwemeza hamwe nabakiriya aho batangirira ibiciro byimpande zombi hakurikijwe FOB.Abatwara ibicuruzwa muri rusange bazashimangira ko inshingano zo kugeza ibicuruzwa mu bubiko zirangiye.Kubijyanye n'amafaranga yo gukurura kuva mububiko kugeza kuri terminal, amafaranga ya terminal, nibindi byose bishyirwa mumizigo yo mu nyanja y'urugendo rwa kabiri kandi yishyuwe nuwayitumwe.
Kubwibyo, mbere ya byose, mugihe uganira kuri ordre, gerageza gukora amasezerano kubijyanye na CIF, kugirango gahunda yibikorwa byo gutwara abantu byose mubiganza byawe;icya kabiri, niba amasezerano ari muburyo bwa FOB, azavugana nisosiyete itwara abagenzi yagenwe nuwaguze hakiri kare, Emeza ibiciro byose mu nyandiko.Impamvu yabyo nukwambere kubuza isosiyete itwara abantu kwishyuza byinshi nyuma yibyoherejwe;icya kabiri, niba hari ikintu kibabaje cyane hagati, azongera kuvugana numuguzi hanyuma asabe guhindura isosiyete itwara abantu cyangwa gusaba umuguzi kwishura umushinga runaka wishyuza.
03. Gufatanya neza na sosiyete itwara abantu
Imizigo ahanini ibika imizigo, kandi ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa imikorere yikigo gitwara abantu.Niba batunganije bakurikije ibisabwa nuwabitwaye, impande zombi zifatanya neza, ntibishobora gusa kuzigama amafaranga adakenewe, ariko kandi birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byoherezwa vuba bishoboka.None, ni ibihe bintu ibi bisabwa bivuga?
Ubwa mbere, twizere ko uwatumije ashobora gutondekanya umwanya mbere no gutegura ibicuruzwa mugihe.Ntukihutire gutanga itegeko umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri mbere yitariki yo guhagarika gahunda yo kohereza, kandi ubimenyeshe isosiyete itwara abantu nyuma yo kugeza ibicuruzwa mububiko cyangwa ku cyambu wenyine.Abatwara ibicuruzwa bihanitse bazi imikorere yabo kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo babizi.Yagaragaje ko gahunda rusange y’umurongo ari rimwe mu cyumweru, kandi nyir'imizigo agomba kubika umwanya mbere akinjira mu bubiko akurikije igihe cyateguwe na sosiyete itwara abantu.Ntabwo ari byiza gutanga ibicuruzwa hakiri kare cyangwa bitinze.Kuberako itariki yo guhagarika ubwato bwabanjirije itari mugihe, niba isubitswe mubwato butaha, hazabaho amafaranga yo kubika igihe.
Icya kabiri, niba imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ryoroshye cyangwa ridafitanye isano itaziguye n'ikibazo.Ibi bigaragara cyane ku cyambu cya Shenzhen.Kurugero, niba ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Hong Kong binyuze ku cyambu cyubutaka nka Man Kam To cyangwa icyambu cya Huanggang kugirango bafate gahunda ya kabiri yo kohereza, niba ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo bitanyuze kumunsi wo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, isosiyete ikurura amakamyo yonyine izabikora kwishyuza amadorari 3000 ya Hong Kong.Niba romoruki ntarengwa yo gufata ubwato bwa kabiri buva Hong Kong, kandi niba budashoboye kubahiriza gahunda yo kohereza kubera gutinda kumenyekanisha gasutamo, noneho amafaranga yo kubika igihe cyashize kuri terminal ya Hong Kong azaba manini cyane niba aribyo yoherejwe mukibuga bukeye bwo gufata ubwato bukurikira.nimero.
Icya gatatu, inyandiko zerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo zigomba guhinduka nyuma yuburyo bwo gupakira ibintu.Buri gasutamo igenzura buri gihe ibicuruzwa.Niba gasutamo isanze umubare nyawo udahuye numubare watangajwe, bizahagarika ibicuruzwa kugirango bikore iperereza.Ntabwo hazabaho gusa amafaranga yo kugenzura n'amafaranga yo kubika dock, ariko ihazabu yatanzwe na gasutamo izagutera rwose kubabara igihe kirekire.
04. Hitamo neza isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa hamwe nuhereza ibicuruzwa
Ubu amasosiyete azwi cyane yo gutwara abantu ku isi yageze mu Bushinwa, kandi ibyambu byose bifite ibiro byayo.Birumvikana ko hari ibyiza byinshi byo gukora ubucuruzi hamwe naba nyiri ubwato: imbaraga zabo zirakomeye, serivisi zabo ni nziza, kandi nibikorwa byabo birasanzwe.Nyamara, niba utari nyir'imizigo minini kandi ukaba udashobora kubona ibiciro byubwikorezi kuri bo, wowe irashobora no kubona bamwe mubato bafite ubwato buciriritse cyangwa abatwara ibicuruzwa
Kubafite imizigo mito n'iciriritse, igiciro cya banyiri ubwato bunini rwose gihenze cyane.Nubwo amagambo yatanzwe ari make kubohereza ibicuruzwa bito cyane, biragoye kwemeza serivisi kubera imbaraga zidahagije.Byongeye kandi, nta biro byinshi biri ku mugabane w’isosiyete nini itwara abantu, bityo yahisemo abatwara ibicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse.Icya mbere, igiciro kirumvikana, naho icya kabiri, ubufatanye buracecetse nyuma yubufatanye bwigihe kirekire.
Nyuma yo gukorana naba baterankunga bo hagati mugihe kirekire, urashobora kubona imizigo mike cyane.Bamwe mubatwara ibicuruzwa bazamenyesha mubyukuri igiciro fatizo, hiyongereyeho inyungu nkeya, nkigiciro cyo kugurisha kubohereza.Ku isoko ryo kohereza, amasosiyete atandukanye yohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa abatwara ibicuruzwa bafite inyungu zabo munzira zitandukanye.Shakisha isosiyete ifite akarusho mugukoresha inzira runaka, ntabwo gahunda yo kohereza izaba hafi gusa, ariko ibiciro byabo byo gutwara ibicuruzwa nibihendutse kumasoko.
Kubwibyo, birasabwa ko utondekanya ukurikije isoko ryawe ryohereza hanze.Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Amerika bishyikirizwa isosiyete imwe, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Burayi bigashyikirizwa indi sosiyete.Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba kumva neza isoko ryo kohereza.
05. Wige guterana amagambo namasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa
Ntakibazo cyatangajwe nisosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa cyangwa abakozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mugihe basaba ibicuruzwa nigipimo kinini cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa muri sosiyete, uko ushobora kugabanyirizwa ibiciro ku bicuruzwa biva mubushobozi bwawe bwo guhahirana.
Muri rusange, mbere yo kwemera igipimo cyibicuruzwa byikigo, urashobora kubaza ibigo byinshi kugirango wumve uko isoko ryifashe.Igabanywa rishobora kuboneka kubatwara ibicuruzwa muri rusange ni amadorari 50 y'Amerika.Duhereye kuri fagitire yinguzanyo yatanzwe nuhereza ibicuruzwa, turashobora kumenya isosiyete yarangije guturana.Ubutaha, azasanga iyo sosiyete mu buryo butaziguye kandi abone igipimo cy’imizigo itaziguye.
Ubuhanga bwo guterana amagambo na sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa harimo:
1. Niba mubyukuri uri umukiriya munini, urashobora gusinyana nawe amasezerano hanyuma ugasaba ibiciro byubwikorezi.
2. Shakisha ibiciro bitandukanye byubwikorezi wabonetse mugutangaza amazina yimizigo itandukanye.Amasosiyete menshi atwara ibicuruzwa yishyuza ukundi kubicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa bimwe birashobora kugira uburyo butandukanye.Kurugero, aside citricike irashobora kuvugwa nkibiryo, kubera ko ari ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibinyobwa, kandi birashobora no kuvugwa nkibikoresho fatizo byimiti.Itandukaniro ryibicuruzwa hagati yubwoko bubiri bwibicuruzwa birashobora kuba amadorari 200 US.
3. Niba utihuta, urashobora guhitamo ubwato buhoro cyangwa ubwato butayobora.Byumvikane ko, ibi bigomba kuba munsi yo kutagira ingaruka kuhagera ku gihe.Igiciro cy'imizigo ku isoko ry'imizigo yo mu nyanja gihinduka rimwe na rimwe, nibyiza kugira amakuru amwe muriki kibazo wenyine.Abacuruzi bake bazafata iyambere kugirango bakumenyeshe kugabanya ibicuruzwa.Birumvikana ko batazabura kukubwira igihe ibicuruzwa byoherejwe bizamutse.Byongeye kandi, mubakozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi mumenyereye, ugomba no kwitondera "kumenyera" kurundi ruhande mubijyanye nibiciro byimizigo.
06. Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya LCL
Uburyo bwo gutwara LCL buragoye cyane kuruta ubwa FCL, kandi imizigo iroroshye guhinduka.Hariho amasosiyete menshi yo kohereza akora FCL, kandi igiciro kizaba kiboneye mumasoko yo kohereza.Birumvikana ko LCL nayo ifite igiciro cyisoko rifunguye, ariko amafaranga yinyongera yamasosiyete atandukanye atwara abantu aratandukanye cyane, kuburyo igiciro cyubwikorezi kurutonde rwibiciro byisosiyete itwara abantu bizaba bigize igice cyanyuma.
Ikintu cyukuri, mbere ya byose, wemeze ibintu byose byashizwe mu nyandiko kugirango urebe niba amagambo yabo ari igiciro kimwe, kugirango babuze uwitwaye gufata ibyemezo nyuma.Icya kabiri, ni ukubara uburemere nubunini bwibicuruzwa neza kugirango birinde kubangamira.
Nubwo ibigo bimwe byubwikorezi bitanga ibiciro biri hasi, akenshi byongera igiciro cyihishe mukabya uburemere cyangwa ingano yubunini.Icya gatatu, ni ugushaka isosiyete izobereye muri LCL.Ubu bwoko bwisosiyete ikoranya mu buryo butaziguye kontineri, kandi imizigo n’inyongera bishyuza biri hasi cyane ugereranije n’amasosiyete yo hagati.
Ntakibazo umwanya uwariwo wose, ntabwo byoroshye kubona amafaranga yose.Nizere ko buriwese ashobora kuzigama byinshi muri transport no kongera inyungu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-07-2023
