01. Bimenyereye inzira yo gutwara
Ati: "Birakenewe gusobanukirwa inzira yo gutwara inyanja." Kurugero, mugihe ibigo byu Burayi, nubwo ibigo byinshi byoherejwe bifite itandukaniro riri hagati yibyambu byibanze hamwe nibyambu bidashidimisha, itandukaniro mubirego byitwara ibicuruzwa byibuze hagati ya 100-200. Ariko, kugabana ibigo bitandukanye byo kohereza bizaba bitandukanye. Kumenya kugabana ibigo bitandukanye birashobora kubona igipimo cyimizigo yicyambu cyibanze uhitamo isosiyete yo gutwara abantu.
Urundi rugero, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutwara abantu ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika: Amazi Yuzuye n'ikiraro cy'ubutaka hagati yabyo ni amadolari ibihumbi. Niba udahuye na gahunda yo kohereza, urashobora kubaza isosiyete yohereza ibicuruzwa byuzuye.
02. Witondere neza Urugendo rwambere Ubwikorezi
Hariho ibiciro bitandukanye kuri ba nyir'imodoka mumigabane yo guhitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu. "Muri rusange, igiciro cya gari ya moshi ni ihendutse, ariko inzira zo gutanga no gutoranya ni igihe gito. Igihe cyoroshye Ati: "Igihe gihenze cyane ni ugutwara mu buryo butaziguye mu ruganda cyangwa ububiko, bikwiranye gusa kuri ibyo bintu byoroshye bidakwiriye gupakira no gupakurura. Muri rusange, ntabwo ari ugukoresha ubu buryo."
Muburyo bwa fob, ikubiyemo kandi gahunda yo gutwara abantu mbere yo koherezwa. Abantu benshi bagize uburambe nk'ubwo: Mu magambo ya FOB, amafaranga mbere yo kohereza ari urujijo kandi nta mategeko afite. Kuberako nisoko yohereza yagenwe nuwaguze urugendo rwa kabiri, uwatanze ibicuruzwa nta mahitamo afite.
Amasosiyete atandukanye yo kugena afite ibisobanuro bitandukanye kuriyi. Bamwe bakeneye nyirubwite kwishyura amafaranga yose mbere yo koherezwa: Amafaranga yo gupakira, amafaranga yo gutwara, amafaranga ya Traile; Bamwe bakeneye gusa kwishyura trailer mu bubiko kugera kuri dock; Bamwe bakeneye ibirundiro bitandukanye kumafaranga yimodoka ukurikije aho ububiko bwubuyobozi. . Iki kirego akenshi kirenga ingengo yimari yo kugura imizigo mugihe usubiramo icyo gihe.
Igisubizo nukwemeza nabakiriya intangiriro yibiciro byimpande zombi munsi yamagambo ya FOB. Ubwato buzashimangira ko inshingano zo gutanga ibicuruzwa mububiko birarangiye. Ku bijyanye n'amafaranga yo gutondeka mu bubiko kugera kuri terminal, amafaranga ya terminal, n'ibindi byose bikubiye mu nyanja y'urugendo rwa kabiri kandi wishyuwe n'abajura.
Kubwibyo, mbere ya byose, mugihe uganira kuri gahunda, gerageza gukora amasezerano kuri CIF amagambo, kugirango gahunda yo gutwara abantu ari mumaboko yawe yose; Icya kabiri, niba amasezerano ari mu magambo ya FOB, azahamagara isosiyete yo gutwara abantu yagenwe n'umuguzi mbere, yemeza ibiciro byose mu nyandiko. Impamvu yabyo ni iyambere kugirango wirinde isosiyete yo gutwara abantu kwishyuza byinshi nyuma yibicuruzwa byoherejwe; Icya kabiri, niba hari ikintu giteye ubwoba hagati, yongeye gushyikirana numuguzi kandi usabe guhindura isosiyete itwara abantu cyangwa kubaza umuguzi kugirango ahagarare umushinga runaka.
03. Gufatanya neza hamwe na sosiyete yo gutwara abantu
Imizigo ikiza cyane cyane, kandi ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa imikorere ya sosiyete yo gutwara abantu. Niba barateguye bakurikije ibisabwa nubwato, amashyaka abiri afatanije neza, ntabwo ashobora gukiza amafaranga adakenewe, ariko nawe ashobora gukora ibicuruzwa vuba bishoboka. None, ni ibihe bintu ibyo bisabwa bivuga?
Ubwa mbere, twizeye ko uwatanze ashobora kwandika umwanya mbere no gutegura ibicuruzwa mugihe. Ntukihutire gushyira gahunda imwe cyangwa ibiri mbere yitariki yo gukata gahunda yo kohereza, hanyuma umenyesha isosiyete yo gutwara nyuma yo gutanga ibicuruzwa mububiko cyangwa dock wenyine. Abatwara amatwara akomeye bazi inzira zabo zo gukora kandi muri rusange ntukore. Yatangije ko gahunda rusange ya mirongo ine ni icyumweru, kandi nyir'imizigo igomba gutanga umwanya mbere kandi yinjire mu bubiko ukurikije igihe cyateguwe na sosiyete yo gutwara abantu. Ntabwo ari byiza gutanga ibicuruzwa kare cyangwa bitinze. Kuberako itariki yaciwe nubwato bwabanjirije ntabwo buri gihe, niba byimuwe mu bwato butaha, hazabaho amafaranga yo kubika abantu.
Icya kabiri, niba imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ryoroshye cyangwa ridafitanye isano itaziguye nikibazo cyibiciro. Ibi biragaragara cyane cyane ku cyambu cya Shenzhen. Kurugero, niba ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Hong Kong ukoresheje ibyambu byubutaka nkumugabo kam kugeza kuri gahunda ya kabiri yo kohereza, niba sosiyete ikurura gasutamo yohereje, yinjiza wenyine. Niba trailer ari igihe ntarengwa cyo gufata ubwato bwa kabiri kuva Hong Kong, kandi niba binaniwe gufata gahunda yo kohereza mugihe cyo gutangiza gasutamo, noneho amafaranga yo kubika yarengeje muri Hong Kong. umubare.
Icya gatatu, ibyangombwa bya gasutamo bigomba guhinduka nyuma yimiterere nyayo yo gupakira. Buri gasutamo ifite ubugenzuzi busanzwe bwibicuruzwa. Niba gasutamo isanga umubare nyawo utunganye hamwe numubare watangajwe, uzafunga ibicuruzwa kugirango iperereza. Ntabwo hazabaho amafaranga yo kugenzura hamwe n'amafaranga yo kubikamo, ariko amande yatanzwe na gasutamo azasobanura rwose ko ubabaye kuva kera.
04. Hitamo neza isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa hamwe no gutwara amato
Noneho amasosiyete azwi cyane ku isi yageze mu Bushinwa, kandi ibyambu byose bikomeye bifite ibiro. Birumvikana ko hari ibyiza byinshi byo gukora ubucuruzi hamwe naba siwowners: imbaraga zabo zirakomeye, serivisi zabo ni nziza, kandi ibikorwa byabo ni nyirubwite.
Kuri ba nyir'imodoka nto kandi medium, igiciro cy'abafite ubwato bunini rwose ni bihe bihenze cyane. Nubwo amagambo yo hasi yindege yohereza amatora ari nto cyane, biragoye kwemeza serivisi kubera imbaraga zayo zidahagije. Byongeye kandi, nta biro byinshi mu mugabane wa sosiyete nini yo gutwara, bityo ahitamo ku buryo buciriritse. Ubwa mbere, igiciro gifite ishingiro, naho icya kabiri, ubufatanye burushahoganya nyuma yubufatanye bwigihe kirekire.
Nyuma yo gufatanya hamwe nabashyizimbere cyangwa igihe kirekire, urashobora kubona imizigo nke cyane. Bamwe mu bahanga mu mahanga bazanavuga ukuri igiciro shingiro, wongeyeho inyungu nkeya, nk'igiciro cyo kugurisha kuri Ubwato. Ku isoko ryoherejwe, ibigo bitandukanye byo kugena cyangwa abahanga mu mahanga bifite ibyiza byabo kumanzira zitandukanye. Shakisha isosiyete ifite akarusho mugukora inzira runaka, ntabwo gahunda yo kohereza imbere gusa, ahubwo igipimo cyimizigo muri rusange nihendutse ku isoko.
Kubwibyo, birasabwa ko ushyira mu mwanya ukurikije isoko ryawe ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze muri Amerika bishyikirizwa isosiyete imwe, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Burayi bishyikirizwa irindi sosiyete. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba gusobanukirwa runaka isoko ryoherejwe.
05. Wige guhahirana n'amasosiyete yo kohereza
Ntakibazo cyatanzwe na sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa cyangwa abacuruzi bashinzwe amato bato mugihe cyo gusaba ibicuruzwa aribwo buryo bworoshye bwikigo, ni bangahe ushobora kugabanyirizwa imizigo biterwa nubushobozi bwawe bwo gutangaza.
Muri rusange, mbere yo kwemera igipimo cyimirenge yisosiyete, urashobora kubaza ibigo byinshi kugirango wumve imiterere yibanze. Igabanywa rishobora kuboneka kuva mu mahanga imbere muri rusange amadorari 50 y'Amerika. Kuva mu mushinga w'ingorabahizi yatanzwe n'indege aregwa, dushobora kumenya isosiyete yagarutse. Ubutaha, azabona iyo sosiyete kandi akabona igipimo cyimizigo itaziguye.
Ubuhanga bwo guhahirana hamwe na sosiyete yohereza ibirimo:
1. Niba mubyukuri uri umukiriya ukomeye, urashobora gusinyana nawe mu buryo butaziguye kandi ugasaba ibikoresho byimizigo.
2. Shakisha ibiciro bitandukanye byamazi byabonetse mugutangaza amazina atandukanye ya curgo. Amasosiyete menshi yo kohereza akuyemo ibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa bimwe birashobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondekanya. Kurugero, aside ya citric irashobora kuvugwa nkibiryo, kuko nibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibinyobwa, kandi birashobora no kuvungirwa nkibikoresho chem chemical chem. Itandukaniro rinini rifite amazi hagati yibicuruzwa byombi birashobora kuba amadorari 200 y'Amerika.
3. Niba utari wihuta, urashobora guhitamo ubwato butinda cyangwa ubwato budakwiye. Birumvikana ko ibi bigomba kuba biri munsi yo kutagira ingaruka ku gihe. Igiciro kitwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja Isoko Ihinduka rimwe na rimwe, nibyiza kugira amakuru amwe muriki gihe wenyine. Abacuruzi bake bazafata iyambere kugirango bakumenyeshe amafaranga yikarita. Birumvikana ko batazabura kukubwira mugihe amafaranga yo kohereza azamuka. Byongeye kandi, mubakozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi umenyereye, ugomba no kwitondera "kumenyera" mu yandi mashyaka mu bijyanye n'ibipimo by'imizigo.
06. Ubuhanga bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya LCL
Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu muri LCL bugoye cyane kuruta uko FCL, kandi imizigo irahinduka. Hano hari ibigo byinshi byogutwara FCL, kandi igiciro kizaba umucyo ku isoko ryoherejwe. Birumvikana ko LCL ifite kandi igiciro cyamasoko gifunguye, ariko amafaranga yinyongera yamasosiyete atandukanye yo gutwara abantu aratandukanye cyane, bityo igiciro cyitwarara ku giciro cyisosiyete yo gutwara abantu kizaba mu rwego rwa nyuma.
Ikintu gikwiye ni, mbere ya byose, kwemeza ibintu byose byishyurwa mubyanditse kugirango urebe niba amagambo yabo ari igiciro cyijimye, kugirango akumire umutware gufata ingamba nyuma. Icya kabiri, ni ukubara uburemere nubunini bwibicuruzwa kugirango ubibuze kugaburira.
Nubwo amasosiyete amwe yo gutwara abantu atanga ibiciro biri hasi, akenshi byongera igiciro mukabya no gukabya uburemere cyangwa amafaranga menshi. Icya gatatu, ni ugushaka isosiyete yihariye muri LCL. Ubu bwoko bwisosiyete iteranya ibintu bitaziguye, kandi imizigo hamwe nabatiba baregwa ari munsi yuburyo hagati yamasosiyete aciriritse.
Ntakibazo icyo aricyo cyose, ntabwo byoroshye kubona amafaranga yose. Nizere ko buriwese ashobora kuzigama byinshi ku gutwara no kongera inyungu.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jun-07-2023
