1. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutumiza ubucuruzi bwa konteyineri LCL
(1) Utanga ibicuruzwa ahereza ubutumwa kuri fakisi kuri NVOCC, kandi inyandiko igomba kugaragaza: utanga ibicuruzwa, utanga ibicuruzwa, kumenyesha, aho ibicuruzwa biherereye, umubare w'ibicuruzwa, uburemere bwabyo, ingano yabyo, igihe ibicuruzwa bizajyanwa (bishyurwa mbere, byishyuwe igihe cyo kubizana, kwishyura kw'umuntu wa gatatu), n'izina ry'ibicuruzwa, itariki yo kubitumiza n'ibindi bisabwa.
(2) NVOCC igena ubwato hakurikijwe ibisabwa ku rupapuro rw’ubwikorezi bw’umucuruzi, kandi yohereza itangazo ryo gutanga ubwato ku muntu urimo kohereza, ni ukuvuga itangazo ryo kohereza. Itangazo ryo gukwirakwiza ubwato rizagaragaza izina ry’ubwato, nimero y’urugendo, nimero y’ubwikorezi bw’ubwato, aderesi yo kohereza, nimero yo guhamagara, umuntu uhamagarwa, isaha yo kohereza, n’igihe cyo kwinjira ku cyambu, kandi isaba umuntu urimo kohereza ibicuruzwa gutanga hakurikijwe amakuru yatanzwe. Byageze mbere y’igihe cyo kohereza.
(3) Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo.
(4) NVOCC yohereza fakisi icyemezo cy’inyandiko y’ubwikorezi ku muntu wohereza ibicuruzwa, kandi umuntu wohereza ibicuruzwa agasabwa kwemeza ko byasubijwe mbere yo koherezwa, bitabaye ibyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku itangwa risanzwe ry’inyandiko y’ubwikorezi. Nyuma yo kugenda mu bwato, NVOCC izatanga inyandiko y’ubwikorezi mu munsi umwe w’akazi nyuma yo kwakira icyemezo cy’inyandiko y’ubwikorezi ku muntu wohereza ibicuruzwa, kandi ikazakemura amafaranga ajyanye na byo.
(5) Nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, NVOCC igomba guha umucuruzi amakuru y’ikigo cy’ibyambu by’aho ibicuruzwa bijya n’amakuru y’igihe cyo kubitanga mbere yo kujya mu rugendo rwa kabiri, kandi umucuruzi ashobora kuvugana n’ikigo cy’ibyambu by’aho ibicuruzwa bijya kugira ngo abikemure kandi abitange hakurikijwe amakuru ajyanye na byo.
2. Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho muri LCL
1) Imizigo ya LCL muri rusange ntishobora kugaragaza ikigo runaka cy’ubwikorezi
2) Inyemezabwishyu ya LCL muri rusange ni inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo yo kohereza imizigo (housc B/L)
3) Ibibazo by'ubwishyu ku mizigo ya LCL
Kwishyuza imizigo ya LCL bibarwa hakurikijwe uburemere n'ingano y'ibicuruzwa. Iyo ibicuruzwa bigejejwe mu bubiko bwagenewe n'ushinzwe kubibika, ububiko muri rusange buzongera gupima, kandi ingano n'uburemere byapimwe bizongera gukoreshwa nk'igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kwishyuza.
3. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'inyandiko y'ubwikorezi bw'amazi n'inyandiko y'ubwikorezi bw'imizigo
Inyandiko y'icyongereza y'inyandiko y'ubwikorezi mu nyanja ni inyandiko y'ubwikorezi (cyangwa iy'inyanja cyangwa iy'inyuma), yitwa MB/L, itangwa n'ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo. Inyandiko y'icyongereza y'inyandiko y'ubwikorezi mu mahanga ni inyandiko y'ubwikorezi mu nzu (cyangwa NVOCC), yitwa HB/L, itangwa n'ifoto y'ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo.
4. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'inyandiko ya FCL n'inyandiko ya LCL
FCL na LCL byombi bifite imiterere y'ibanze y'inyandiko y'ubwikorezi, nk'imikorere y'inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, icyemezo cy'amasezerano y'ubwikorezi, n'icyemezo cy'uburenganzira ku mutungo. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyo byombi ni iri rikurikira.
1) Ubwoko butandukanye bw'inyandiko z'imizigo
Mu gihe cyo kohereza FCL mu bwato, umucuruzi ashobora gusaba fagitire ya MB/L (sea fagitire y'imizigo) nyir'ubwato, cyangwa fagitire ya HB/L (freight forwarding fagitire) y'imizigo, cyangwa byombi. Ariko kuri LCL mu bwato, icyo umucuruzi ashobora kubona ni fagitire y'imizigo.
2) Uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu butandukanye
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi ni ubu:
(1) FCL-FCL (gutanga container yuzuye, guhuza container yuzuye, byitwa FCL). Kohereza FCL muri rusange ni muri ubu buryo. Ubu buryo bwo kohereza ni bwo busanzwe kandi bunoze cyane.
(2) LCL-LCL (Gutanga ibicuruzwa bya LCL, guhuza ibicuruzwa, byitwa LCL). Kohereza ibicuruzwa muri LCL muri rusange ni muri ubu buryo. Utanga ibicuruzwa ageza ibicuruzwa kuri sosiyete ya LCL (ihuza ibicuruzwa) mu buryo bw'imizigo myinshi (LCL), naho sosiyete ya LCL ikaba ishinzwe gupakira; umukozi ushinzwe ibyambu bya buri munsi wa sosiyete ya LCL ashinzwe gupakurura no gupakurura ibicuruzwa, hanyuma mu buryo bw'imizigo myinshi kugeza ku muntu wa nyuma.
(3) FCL-LCL (gutanga ibicuruzwa byose, guhuza ibicuruzwa, byitwa FCL). Urugero, umucuruzi afite itsinda ry'ibicuruzwa, rihagije kuri kontineri imwe, ariko iri tsinda ry'ibicuruzwa rizakwirakwizwa ku bantu benshi batandukanye bamaze kugera ku cyambu cy'aho bijya. Muri iki gihe, rishobora koherezwa mu buryo bwa FCL-LCL. Umucuruzi ageza ibicuruzwa ku mucuruzi mu buryo bw'ibikoresho byuzuye, hanyuma umucuruzi cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo atanga amabwiriza menshi atandukanye cyangwa mato hakurikijwe abamucuruzi batandukanye; umukozi ushinzwe gupakurura ibicuruzwa mu kigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo ashinzwe gupakurura, gupakurura ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe abamucuruzi batandukanye, hanyuma akabishyikiriza uwarangije gupakurura ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw'imizigo myinshi. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku muntu umwe ujyanye n'abamucuruzi benshi.
(4) LCL-FCL (Gutanga ibicuruzwa bya LCL, gutanga ibicuruzwa bya FCL, byitwa gutanga ibicuruzwa bya LCL). Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi batanga ibicuruzwa ku muntu utwara ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw'imizigo myinshi, maze ikigo gitwara ibicuruzwa cyangwa ikigo gikusanya ibicuruzwa by'umuntu umwe bigateranywa mu bikoresho byuzuye; Iyo fomu ihabwa uwayihawe bwa nyuma. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku bantu benshi batanga ibicuruzwa bahuje n'abantu babiri batanga ibicuruzwa.
FCL-FCL (yuzuye kugeza ku munsi) cyangwa CY-CY (ahantu ujya ahandi) akenshi bigaragara ku fagitire y'ubwikorezi bw'ubwato bwa FCL cyangwa fagitire y'imizigo, kandi CY niho FCL icungwa, igashyikirizwa, igabikwa kandi igashyirwa.
LCL-LCL (guhuza ibicuruzwa kugeza ku bufatanye) cyangwa CFS-CFS (guhuza ibicuruzwa kugeza ku bufatanye) akenshi bigaragara ku fagitire y'ubwikorezi ya LCL. CFS ikora ku bicuruzwa bya LCL, harimo LCL, gupakira, gupakurura no gutondekanya, Aho bihererekanyirizwa.
3) Akamaro k'amanota karatandukanye
Ikimenyetso cyo kohereza cya kontineri yuzuye ntabwo ari ngombwa cyane, kuko igikorwa cyose cyo gutwara no guhererekanya ibintu gishingiye ku kontineri, kandi nta gupakurura cyangwa gukwirakwiza ibintu hagati. Birumvikana ko ibi bifitanye isano n'impande zigize uruhare mu gikorwa cyo kohereza ibintu. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba uwahawe kontineri ya nyuma yita ku kimenyetso cyo kohereza ibintu, ntaho bihuriye n'ibikorwa byo kohereza ibintu.
Ikimenyetso cya LCL ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ibicuruzwa by'abantu benshi bohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bisangiye isanduku imwe, kandi ibicuruzwa bivanze. Ibicuruzwa bigomba gutandukanywa n'ikimenyetso cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-07-2023
